The Significance of Obeying and Teaching God’s Commands in the Kingdom
Whoever then annuls one of the least of these commandments, and teaches others to do the same, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever keeps and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven. “For I say to you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will not enter the kingdom of heaven. (Matthew 5:19-20)
Introduction
In Matthew 5:19-20, Jesus emphasizes the importance of obeying and teaching God’s commands, and how this affects one’s standing in the kingdom of heaven. This passage provides crucial insights into the nature of discipleship and the expectations of those who follow Christ.
Linguistic Analysis
The key terms in this passage are “annuls” (λύω, lyō, Strong’s G3089), “keeps” (ποιέω, poieō, Strong’s G4160), and “teach” (διδάσκω, didaskō, Strong’s G1321).
- “Annuls” (λύω) means to loosen, break up, destroy, or dissolve.
- “Keeps” (ποιέω) implies doing, making, or accomplishing.
- “Teach” (διδάσκω) refers to instructing or imparting knowledge.
Theological Significance
The King’s Commandments
Jesus, as the perfect embodiment of obedience, emphasizes the enduring nature of God’s commandments. He declares that even the least of these commandments holds significance in the kingdom. This underscores the comprehensive nature of God’s law and the importance of holistic obedience.
Kingdom Hierarchy
The passage reveals a hierarchy within the kingdom based on one’s approach to God’s commandments. Those who keep and teach the commandments “shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven,” while those who break and teach others to do so “shall be called least”. This hierarchy reflects the value God places on obedience and the responsibility of teaching others.
Christ as the Perfect Example
Jesus himself is the ultimate example of keeping and teaching God’s commands. Throughout his ministry, he consistently upheld the law while revealing its true spirit and intent. His perfect obedience, culminating in his sacrificial death, demonstrates the highest form of keeping God’s commandments.
Implications for Believers
Present Reality of Christ’s Lordship
The Lordship of Jesus Christ is not merely a future reality but a present truth. As believers, we are called to live under his authority now, recognizing that our obedience to God’s commands is an expression of our submission to Christ’s kingship.
Exceeding Righteousness
Jesus sets a high standard by stating that our righteousness must surpass that of the scribes and Pharisees. This calls for a righteousness that goes beyond external compliance to a heart-level transformation that results in genuine obedience.
The Tension Between the Mosaic Law and the New Covenant
Continuity and Discontinuity
While the New Covenant replaces the Mosaic Covenant, there is both continuity and discontinuity between them. The moral principles underlying the Mosaic Law remain valid, but the ceremonial and civil aspects are no longer binding. This creates a challenge in discerning which aspects of the Old Testament law still apply to Christians today.
“For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes” (Romans 10:4).
Jesus’ Fulfillment of the Law
Jesus stated, “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them” (Matthew 5:17). This fulfillment simultaneously affirms the Law’s validity while also marking a significant shift in how it applies to believers.
The Role of the Holy Spirit
Under the New Covenant, the Holy Spirit empowers believers to live righteously, internalizing God’s law in their hearts. This internal transformation contrasts with the external nature of the Mosaic Law, creating a new paradigm for obedience and holiness.
“I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts” (Jeremiah 31:33).
Grace vs. Works
The New Covenant emphasizes grace and faith over works-based righteousness. This shift can create tension in understanding how good works and obedience relate to salvation and Christian living under the New Covenant.
“For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast” (Ephesians 2:8-9).
Cultural and Historical Context
Many Mosaic laws were specific to Israel’s cultural and historical context. Determining how these laws apply (if at all) in different cultural settings can be challenging and contributes to the tension between adhering to Scripture and recognizing contextual differences.
“For he himself is our peace, who has made us both one and has broken down in his flesh the dividing wall of hostility by abolishing the law of commandments expressed in ordinances” (Ephesians 2:14-15).
Ethical Implications
While Christians are not bound by the Mosaic Law, many of its ethical principles remain relevant. Discerning how to apply these principles in a New Covenant context without falling into legalism requires careful theological reflection and spiritual wisdom.
“For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ” (John 1:17).
This tension ultimately calls for a nuanced understanding of Scripture, recognizing both the enduring moral principles of God’s law and the transformative power of Christ’s work in establishing the New Covenant. It invites believers to live in the freedom of grace while still pursuing holiness and obedience to God’s will.
Conclusion
The concept of obeying and teaching God’s commands as presented in Matthew 5:19-20 reveals the character of God’s kingdom and the expectations placed on its citizens. It challenges believers to take God’s commandments seriously, to teach them faithfully, and to pursue a righteousness that reflects the transformative power of Christ’s reign. As we embrace this calling, we not only align ourselves with the will of our King but also participate in the expansion of his kingdom on earth.
Disciple-Maker’s Short Story
“The Weight of Grace”
The old pickup truck groaned under the burden of the ratty couch strapped to its bed, its worn suspension creaking with every pothole on the winding, gravel-strewn road to the dump. Ed gripped the steering wheel tightly, his knuckles whitening with the tension that mirrored the set of his jaw. Dust swirled behind them, catching the late afternoon sunlight in a hazy glow. Beside him sat Charles, his mentor, a man whose presence carried the quiet authority of years spent walking with Jesus. The silence between them hung heavy, thick with unspoken words, until Ed finally broke it.
“Look, Charles, I appreciate your guidance, but all these accountability questions you keep asking… they feel like legalism to me. Aren’t we free from the law now? Isn’t that what grace is all about?”
Charles turned his weathered face toward Ed, his gray eyes soft with understanding yet piercing with wisdom. “I hear you, son. I do. But let me ask you something. When Jesus spoke of loving God with all your heart, soul, mind, and strength, and loving your neighbor as yourself, was He being legalistic?”
Ed’s brow furrowed as he navigated a curve in the road. “Of course not. That’s from Mark, right? The Great Commandment.”
“Indeed,” Charles nodded, his voice steady as the truck rattled on. “Mark 12:28-34. Jesus wasn’t piling on burdens; He was revealing the heart of God’s law—its essence, not its chains.”
The truck hit a particularly deep pothole, jolting them both. Ed winced, using the moment to gather his thoughts. “But that’s different. That’s about love, not rules. Rules feel like they choke the life out of faith.”
Charles smiled gently, the lines around his eyes crinkling with warmth. “Is it really so different? Obedience born of love isn’t legalism, Ed. It’s relationship. It’s the difference between a servant fearing a master and a son trusting his father.”
As they crested a hill, the sprawling expanse of the dump came into view—a chaotic sea of discarded things, a graveyard of the unwanted. Ed slowed the truck, his mind churning like the dust in their wake. “I get that, but doesn’t grace free us from all that? From the weight of having to measure up?”
“Ah, there’s the tension,” Charles said, his voice warm with affection, yet tinged with a knowing edge. “Grace doesn’t negate obedience; it empowers it. Think of Matthew 5:19—Jesus said whoever keeps and teaches the commandments will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. Grace lifts the curse, not the call.”
Ed parked the truck near a heap of debris, the engine’s rumble fading into an uneasy silence. “But how do we balance that with the New Covenant? Aren’t we free from the law’s grip entirely?”
Charles placed a calloused hand on Ed’s shoulder, grounding him. “We’re free from the law’s condemnation, not its guidance. The Holy Spirit writes God’s law on our hearts now—Jeremiah promised that, didn’t he? It’s not about external compliance anymore, but internal transformation. The law isn’t our jailer; it’s our mirror.”
They climbed out and began untying the couch, its frayed ropes stubborn against their efforts. Ed grunted as he tugged at a knot. “So, what’s the difference between obedience and legalism then? Where’s the line?”
Charles paused, his eyes twinkling with a spark of insight. “Legalism is about earning God’s favor—like a wage you hustle for. Obedience is about expressing our love for Him, a response to a gift already given. Jesus perfectly embodied this. He obeyed not to earn the Father’s love, but because He already had it, deep and unshakable.”
Together, they hefted the couch off the truck, its worn fabric snagging on the rusty bed. Ed stumbled slightly under its weight, and as it thudded onto the pile, he felt something shift inside him—something heavier than the furniture they’d carried, a burden of confusion he’d been wrestling with for weeks.
“I want that,” Ed said softly, almost to himself. “To obey like Jesus did. Out of love, not obligation. But it’s hard to shake the feeling that I’m still trying to prove something.”
Charles smiled, pride and affection evident in his gaze as he wiped sweat from his brow. “That’s the heart of it, Ed. That’s what becoming like Jesus is all about. It’s not about rules for their own sake; it’s about relationship. About letting His love transform you from the inside out, until obedience feels less like a chore and more like a song.”
As they tossed the couch onto the growing pile, Ed felt a weight lift from his shoulders—not just the physical burden of the furniture, but the spiritual weight of misunderstanding that had clouded his faith. He turned to Charles, a new light flickering in his eyes, tentative but growing.
“I think I’m beginning to understand,” Ed said, his voice steadier now. “It’s not about being under the law or even free from it in some reckless way. It’s about being under grace and letting that grace work through us in obedience. It’s about trust, isn’t it?”
Charles nodded, clapping Ed on the back as they trudged back to the truck, their boots crunching on the gravel. “Exactly. And that, my boy, is the beautiful tension of the Christian life. Living in the freedom of grace while pursuing the holiness of obedience. It’s a dance, not a drudge.”
As they drove away from the dump, the truck felt lighter, unburdened by the load they’d left behind. The sinking sun painted the sky in hues of orange and gold, and in the cab, two hearts beat with a renewed understanding of what it meant to follow Christ—not in the shackles of legalism, but in the liberating bonds of love-driven obedience. Ed glanced at Charles, who hummed an old hymn under his breath, and for the first time in a long while, he felt the weight of obedience not as a burden, but as a gift.
ToBeLikeJesus 