Jesus’ Sober Warning to the Religious of His Day

“But what do you think? A man had two sons, and he came to the first and said, ‘Son, go work today in the vineyard.’ “And he answered, ‘I will not’; but afterward he regretted it and went. “The man came to the second and said the same thing; and he answered, ‘I will, sir’; but he did not go. “Which of the two did the will of his father?” They said, “The first.” Jesus said to them, “Truly I say to you that the tax collectors and prostitutes will get into the kingdom of God before you. (Matthew 21:28-31 NASB95)
Introduction
In this parable Jesus is shining a light on the characteristics of a kingdom citizen. The true citizen of the kingdom of God is not just verbally compliant. They take action and ultimately do what the King has ordered. This essay will discuss verbal acknowledgements, thought processes and motives, and behavioral responses. We will also see how Jesus actually applied this in His own life with the Father.
Key Words and Phrases
“I will not” and “I will, sir” – Notice the second son even adds the word “sir” (κύριος – Lord – Strong’s G2962) to his response feigning respect.
Regretted – μεταμέλομαι – metamelomai – Strong’s G3338 – Meaning “a care to one afterwards,” repent.
“Which of the two did the will of his father?” – Notice Jesus puts credibility on action, not verbal acknowledgement or intellectual ascent.
Messianic Model – Focus on Jesus’ Example
We know that Jesus always did His Father’s will both with verbal acknowledgement and in action. (John 5:19, 12:49) So how does Jesus illuminate and model the principles of this parable? First, we must acknowledge that Jesus had a choice. In the wilderness being tempted by Satan the temptations were real. He had the choice to renege on his statements and commitments, and choose to do His own will. The choice was His to make. Second, Jesus was cognizant of the cost of obeying the Father. In the Garden of Gethsemane He appealed to the Father to “take this cup away” and yet He yielded to the Father’s will at the price of His own life, by taking on the sins of the world and incurring the wrath of God. Jesus was an example of a son who not only verbally acknowledged his father’s desires and commands but fulfilled them trusting him.
Had He not lived out a relationship with the Father in perfect compliance in mind, spirit, and body, He would have failed to be the perfect sacrifice for sin. He could not have paid the substitutionary payment for man. He would not have satisfied the just punishment we all deserve which is death. (John 1:29, Hebrews 10:12-14, 1 Peter 1:19)
Key Theological Implications
We all know that salvation is by grace and not our works (Ephesians 2:8-9) and we are very careful to stay away from even a hint that it is. But Jesus isn’t afraid to dance on the edge of being misunderstood that salvation is based on what we do. He makes it clear that repentance is a requirement to enter the kingdom of God. Oftentimes people shy away from repentance for fear of presenting a “works based gospel.” It would do us well to 1.) Preach what Jesus preached. 2.) Understand repentance from a Biblical stand point of view. The Seven Stories of Hope (Repentance) are very helpful in this pursuit.
In the parable the first son shows repentance through the “regret” he felt afterwards and does the will of the father. The second son gives verbal acknowledgement to his father but does not do his will. Notice the second son even called him “sir”. This word in the Greek is κύριος which is normally translated “lord.” It is not enough. This brings to mind the statement from Jesus,
“Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father who is in heaven will enter. Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name cast out demons, and in Your name perform many miracles?’ And then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you; DEPART FROM ME, YOU WHO PRACTICE LAWLESSNESS.” (Matthew 7:21-23)
Action will always follow the heart. The first son had a change of heart which motivated him to do his father’s bidding. It’s not that the Jews failed to be religious and do “good things.” It was their hearts that had yet to be changed. They were very opposed to Jesus, His way of life and His teachings. Jesus makes it very clear what the “work” is and the change that it will take to do it.
“Therefore they said to Him, “What shall we do, so that we may work the works of God?” Jesus answered and said to them, “This is the work of God, that you believe in Him whom He has sent.” (John 6:28-29)
Now remember, this is not just verbal acknowledgement or intellectual assent. This is fully embracing Jesus for who He is as the Messiah, the King. The change of heart being made, the repentance, is to turn from one’s own ways and submit to Christ the King’s authority. This change of heart not only ushers one into the kingdom but appropriates all the grace necessary to live under the King’s authority and be forgiven when we fall short. Faith receives grace and grace produces action.
I love Dallas Willard’s quote on this;
“Grace is not opposed to effort, it is opposed to earning. Earning is an attitude. Effort is an action. Grace, you know, does not just have to do with forgiveness of sins alone.”
“The true saint burns grace like a 747 jet burns fuel on takeoff. Become the kind of person who routinely does what Jesus did and said. You will consume much more grace by leading a holy life than you will by sinning, because every holy act you do will have to be upheld by the grace of God.”
(The Great Omission, Dallas Willard)
Contemporary Spiritual Significance
Many times the gospel is proclaimed as data to acknowledge as true and a professional prayer of that acknowledgement. And although some have come into the kingdom through this act many are still “dead in their trespasses and sins.” (Ephesians 2:1) One of the reasons people are believing they are saved and are not is because a gospel without repentance is being taught. (Which is a false gospel). The disciple presenting the gospel must preach it as Jesus did.
Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of God, and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.” (Mark 1:14-15)
Notice Jesus is not only preaching the good news but how to appropriate it. There is a kingdom at hand and therefore there is a King with authority at hand. In light of the King and kingdom’s presence a person is commanded to turn from their ways to the ways of the King and believe that this is good news! This is the true gospel that Jesus preached and it is the gospel by which people are saved. There is a surrender, a willingness to embrace the authority of the Lord and Savior, Jesus the Christ.
We must evaluate the gospel we are preaching and conform it to the gospel the Author of the Gospel preached.
The Transformative Power of the True Gospel
Many “believers” in the church today are still as entrenched in the old life as they were before they “believed.” That is because they failed to receive the true gospel promises that transform the individual.
Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creature; the old things passed away; behold, new things have come. (2 Corinthians 5:17)
Although they are not perfected in the flesh, by grace that comes through the gospel they will notice change in their lives. They will no longer desire some of the things they did in their pregenerate state. And the things they are still battling will cause them great grief, a sorrow that leads to further repentance. (2 Corinthians 7:9-10) The saint’s life is like that of Zaccheus, he was a changed man and Jesus declares, “Today salvation has come to this house!” (Luke 19:9)
Conclusion
Jesus preaches a parable to warn the religious leaders that they have a false sense of security in their relationship with God. Although being very religious and in strict adherence to the parts of the Law that made them appear holy, they fell woefully short of God’s plan for salvation. Like the son in the parable that said he would comply with the father’s will, they did not follow through with the action required to obey. They did not embrace Jesus, the King who ushered in the kingdom. Like the religious leaders of the day many “Christians” believe they have salvation because they believe in a creed, perform good works, or attend religious gatherings. They are also living in a false sense of security because they have failed to attend to the one thing that provides salvation. And the thing is not a thing, it’s a Who, Jesus Christ.
“You search the Scriptures because you think that in them you have eternal life; it is these that testify about Me; and you are unwilling to come to Me so that you may have life.” (John 5:39-40)
Disciple-Maker’s Short Story
Two Sons and General Tso’s
The amber glow of paper lanterns cast dancing shadows across Marcus’s weathered face as he carefully maneuvered his chopsticks around a piece of General Tso’s chicken. Steam rose from their shared plates, mingling with the soft chatter of other diners at Golden Dragon, their Thursday night sanctuary tucked between a bodega and a dry cleaner on 47th Street.
“You’re quieter than usual tonight,” Marcus observed, setting down his chopsticks and studying his mentee across the red vinyl booth. “Rough week at the firm?”
David pushed his lo mein around his plate, creating small mountains of noodles. “Actually, work’s been fine. It’s… something else.” He looked up, his eyes carrying the weight of genuine confusion. “I’ve been having this ongoing debate with some friends about what it really means to be saved. And honestly, Marcus, I’m more confused now than when I started.”
Marcus leaned back, a knowing smile creeping across his lips. “Ah. The great salvation debate. Let me guess—you’ve got friends on both sides of the fence?”
“Exactly.” David’s fork clinked against his plate as he gestured. “My buddy Jake from college keeps insisting that all you have to do is believe. He quotes John 3:16 like it’s a magic formula—just intellectual agreement that Jesus existed and died for sins. Done deal. But then there’s Sarah from our Bible study group who keeps talking about repentance and surrender, saying faith without works is dead.”
“And you’re caught in the crossfire.”
“Right. Jake makes it sound so simple, so… accessible. Just believe and you’re in. But Sarah’s version feels more demanding, more… I don’t know, authentic somehow? But also terrifying because how do you know if you’ve repented enough?”
Marcus reached for the teapot, refilling both their cups with jasmine tea. The ritual gave him a moment to think. “You know, I’ve been studying Jesus’s parables lately, particularly the ones about the kingdom. There’s one that speaks directly to what you’re wrestling with.”
David leaned forward, his dinner forgotten. “Which one?”
“The parable of the two sons. You familiar with it?”
“Vaguely. Refresh my memory.”
Marcus cupped his hands around his tea, the warmth seeping through the ceramic. “A father asks both his sons to work in the vineyard. The first son says, ‘I will not,’ but later changes his mind and goes to work. The second son says, ‘I will, sir’—very respectful, very religious—but never actually shows up to work.”
“Okay…”
“Jesus asks which son did the father’s will. The obvious answer is the first son, right? But here’s what makes it fascinating—Jesus wasn’t just telling a nice story about work ethic. He was talking to the religious leaders, the Pharisees, people who had all the right words, all the right religious credentials.”
David’s eyes widened slightly. “So the second son represents…”
“The religious elite. They called God ‘Lord,’ they knew all the right terminology, they performed all the religious duties. Perfect verbal acknowledgment. But when it came to actually embracing Jesus as Messiah, as King—when it came to the actual work of the kingdom—they refused.”
A waiter shuffled past their table, balancing a tray of sizzling plates. Marcus waited for the noise to subside before continuing.
“The first son, on the other hand, initially rejected his father’s request. But something happened—the text says he ‘regretted’ it. In Greek, it’s metamelomai—a deep change of heart that led to a change of action.”
David set down his tea cup with deliberate precision. “So you’re saying Jake’s wrong about the intellectual assent thing?”
“I’m saying Jesus himself put credibility on action, not just verbal acknowledgment. But David, here’s where it gets tricky—and where your friend Sarah might be missing something too. The first son’s work in the vineyard wasn’t what saved him. His change of heart was.”
“I’m not following.”
Marcus smiled, leaning forward conspiratorially. “Think about Jesus going through temptations in the wilderness. The temptations were real—he had genuine choices to make. And in the Garden of Gethsemane, He could have said no. But he consistently chose the Father’s will over his own, even when it meant the cross.”
“Right, but Jesus was perfect. That’s different.”
“Is it though? Here’s what I’ve been learning—Jesus didn’t just model perfect obedience, he modeled perfect faith. And that faith expressed itself in surrender to the Father’s authority, even at great personal cost.”
David pushed his plate away, his appetite completely gone. “So where does that leave someone like me? I want to believe, I really do. But if salvation requires this perfect surrender, this complete change of heart…”
“Who said anything about perfect?” Marcus’s voice carried a gentleness that seemed to wrap around David’s anxiety. “The first son didn’t perfectly obey from the beginning. He started with rebellion, remember? But he experienced what the text calls repentance—a fundamental reorientation toward his father’s will.”
“But how do you know if you’ve truly repented? How do you know if your faith is real or just… intellectual?”
Marcus pulled out his phone and scrolled through his notes. “Dallas Willard said something that revolutionized my thinking: ‘Grace is not opposed to effort, it is opposed to earning.’ You see the difference?”
“Not really.”
“Earning is an attitude—thinking your works purchase salvation. Effort is simply the natural expression of a changed heart. Grace doesn’t eliminate action; it empowers it.”
David stared at the table, processing. “So it’s not that I have to earn my salvation through good works…”
“But genuine faith—true belief—naturally produces obedience. Not perfect obedience, but a heart that’s been reoriented toward Christ’s authority. Think about it, David. If someone truly believes Jesus is King, how can they simultaneously refuse to acknowledge his reign over their life?”
“They can’t. That would be… contradictory.”
“Exactly. Your friend Jake’s ‘just believe’ gospel misses the fact that genuine belief includes submission to Jesus as Lord, not just Savior. And your friend Sarah’s emphasis on repentance is biblical, but she might be making a checklist of dos in her head that lead to the performance of religious laws, rather than a change of heart.”
David looked out the restaurant window at the blur of yellow cabs and hurried pedestrians. “So what does real faith look like then?”
Marcus’s eyes lit up. “You know what this reminds me of? Zacchaeus. Remember him? The tax collector who climbed the tree to see Jesus?”
“Yeah, the short guy.”
“Right, but here’s what’s remarkable about his story. When Jesus called him down and invited himself to dinner, something happened in Zacchaeus’s heart. He stood up and declared he would give half his possessions to the poor and repay anyone he’d cheated four times over.”
David frowned. “Okay, so he did good works…”
“But David, listen carefully—he hadn’t actually done any of those things yet. These were promises, declarations of intent. But Jesus looked at this transformed heart, at this evidence of genuine repentance, and said, ‘Today salvation has come to this house.'” Marcus leaned forward intently. “Today. Not after Zacchaeus followed through on his promises, but right then, when his heart had been changed.”
“So you’re saying…”
“I’m saying that the very fact that you’re wrestling with this, that you’re not satisfied with easy answers, that you want authentic faith—that’s your Zacchaeus moment. The work of God is already happening in your heart.”
David nodded slowly. “I think I need to have some conversations with Jake and Sarah.”
“Just remember,” Marcus said, signaling for the check, “the gospel Jesus preached wasn’t just ‘believe in me.’ It was ‘repent and believe.’ The kingdom has come, and there’s a King. The good news is that this King is also a Savior who provides everything necessary to live under his loving authority.”
As they gathered their coats and prepared to step back into the controlled chaos of Manhattan, David paused. “Marcus?”
“Yeah?”
“Thanks. For helping me see that it’s not an either-or thing. It’s both-and.”
Marcus smiled as he held the door open. “That’s the beauty of the kingdom, David. It’s both gift and calling, both grace and transformation. Both sons matter in the story—but only one did the father’s will.”
They stepped into the cool October air, the city lights reflecting off the wet pavement like scattered jewels. David felt something settling in his chest, a peace that came from understanding that the gospel was both simpler and more profound than he’d imagined. The work of the kingdom wasn’t about perfect performance—it was about a changed heart expressing itself in loving obedience to the King who had first loved him.
As they parted ways at the subway entrance, David carried with him not just the lingering taste of General Tso’s sauce, but a deeper hunger—to become the kind of person who, like Jesus, consistently chose the Father’s will out of love, not obligation. The parable wasn’t just about two sons; it was about the kind of son he wanted to become.








